Evaluation of the Mid-Latitude Ionospheric trough Using GRACE Data

In this work, statistical analysis of the main ionospheric trough was performed using K-band ranging system (KBR) measurements from GRACE satellite constellation 2002 to 2015. The investigated period covers high- and low-solar-activity conditions. mid-latitude (MIT) characteristics were for both northern southern hemispheres. MIT parameters such as minimum position, width depth, occurrence probability studied in connection with magnetic local time; geographic distribution; seasons; solar activity; geomagnetic activity conditions, wind plasma speed, interplanetary field components, high-resolution indices SYM–H Hp30.